The WiTRO-System – installation types
As different as the wall types, methods of construction or site conditions, so different are the ways of laying the Witro system. Next, the installation options of the electrodes are shown graphically at some selected examples.
1st example
Conditions:
- Wall up to 1 meter thick
Bare ground
Foundation and ground on an equal level
Application of electrodes:
- Gridded anode outside above the ground
- Rodded cathode outside in the ground
2nd example
Conditions:
- Wall up to 1 meter thick
Bare ground
Ground on a higher level than foundation
Application of electrodes:
- Gridded anode outside above the ground
- Rodded cathode outside in the ground
3rd example
Conditions:
- Wall up to 5 meters thick as part of a permanent joint
Application of electrodes:
- Gridded anode inside above the foundation
- Rodded cathode outside in the ground
4th example
Conditions:
- Thick wall with hollow
Walls with a large hollow or clamshell brickwork require two anode grids
Application of electrodes:
- Gridded anode outside above the ground
- Gridded anode inside above the foundation
- Rodded cathode outside in the ground
- Rodded cathode inside under the foundation
5th example
Conditions:
- In the absence of horizontal and vertical barriers
Basement ceiling higher than bare ground
Application of electrodes:
- Gridded anode 1x inside partially above groundlevel and 1x inside above the foundation
- Rodded cathode outside in the ground in an equal distance to the gridded electrodes
6th example
Conditions:
- In the absence of horizontal and vertical barriers
Basement ceiling and bare ground on the same level
Application of electrodes:
- Gridded anode 1x outside above the ground and 1x inside above the foundation
- Rodded cathode outside in the ground in an equal distance to the gridded electrodes
7th example
Conditions:
- Construction on the outside ground not possible because of e.g. sidewalk, street or pipes
Drill through wall for rodded cathode
Application of electrodes:
- Gridded anode inside partially above the ground
- Rodded cathode outside in the ground
8th example
Conditions:
- Construction work only possible in the basement, no water entering from the side
Application of electrodes:
- Gridded anode inside under the basement ceiling
- Rodded cathode inside under the foundation
9th example
Conditions:
- With outside ground drainage system
Application of electrodes:
- Gridded anode inside above the foundation
Alternatively outside above the ground - Rodded cathode under the drainage system
10th example
Conditions:
- Underground vault with thick walls
Application of electrodes:
- Gridded anode 1x outside above the ground and 1x inside at the upper section of the vault
- Rodded cathode inside under the basement floor, holes drilled into the ground
11th example
Conditions:
- Cascade circuiting for tall buildings with an extremely high level of moisture, e.g. in churches, towers, historical sites
Application of electrodes:
- Gridded anode 1x inside at the upper moisture rim or higher
- 1x inside above the ground
- Rodded cathode outside or inside in the ground
12th example
Conditions:
- Visible brickwork e.g. quarrystone, sandstone, brick, fieldstone etc.
Application of electrodes:
- Gridded anode is replaced by contact band inserted in the jointings
- Rodded cathode outside or inside in the ground
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